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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク University of Paris strike of 1229 ： ウィキペディア英語版 University of Paris strike of 1229 In 1229, a student riot at the University of Paris resulted in the deaths of a number of students, and the ensuing "dispersion" or student strike in protest lasted more than two years and led to a number of reforms of the medieval university. The event demonstrates the "town and gown" power struggles between the Church, secular leaders and the emerging student class, as well as a lessening of local Church authority over the university, which was placed squarely under direct papal patronage, part of the program to centralize Church structure that had intensified under Innocent III. ==Background== The University of Paris was one of the first universities in Europe and considered the most prestigious because of its focus on the Queen of science: theology. It was founded in the mid-12th century and received its official charter from the Church in 1200.〔Rubenstein, Richard E.: ''Aristotle's Children'', page 161. Harvest Books, 2004.〕 It was run by the Church and students were considered part of the Church and thus wore robes and shaved the tops of their heads in tonsure, to signify they were under its protection. Students operated according to the rules and laws of the Church and were not subject to the king's laws or courts. This presented ongoing problems of students abusing the laws of the city, which had no direct recourse for justice and had to appeal to Church courts. Students were often very young, entering the school at age 13 or 14 and staying for 6 to 12 years. They came from many regions speaking many European languages with all defined by their native language. Latin was the lingua franca at school. Eventually the Masters were organized into four "nations" comprising the French, the Picards, Normans and a polyglot of nationalities (predominantly English, German, Scandinavian and Eastern European) referred to as "English". The overwhelming majority of students were from the elite or aristocratic classes of Europe as the cost of travel and maintenance of a stay at the university, as well as basic tuition, was beyond the reach of the poor. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「University of Paris strike of 1229」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.